The global aviation and tourism sectors have welcomed the historic Long Term Aspirational Goal (LTAG) of net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 adopted by International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) member states during the 41st ICAO Assembly last week.
Countries, cities and companies from every part of the world, including Africa, have expressed the commitment to reach net zero by 2050 – removing as much CO2 as they produce to limit global warming. Short- and medium-term emission reduction goals, consistent with the Paris Agreement, are set all over the globe to eliminate the worst impacts of climate change this decade.
Reaching net zero emissions means balancing the greenhouse gases we emit into the atmosphere with what we extract. Under the Paris Agreement in 2015, 197 countries pledged to keep temperature rises ‘well below’ 1.5°C to avoid severe consequences of climate change.
The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) found in its report of 2018 that “global net human-caused emissions of carbon dioxide would need to fall by about 45 per cent from 2010 levels by 2030, reaching net zero around 2050.
This means that any remaining emissions caused by human activity that cannot be abated will need to be balanced by removing CO2 from the atmosphere.
Welcoming this decision, the International Air Transport Association (IATA) has said it is strongly encouraged by the adoption of a Long Term Aspirational Goal (LTAG) to achieve net zero CO2 emissions by 2050 at the 41st Assembly of ICAO.
IATA said this important step forward by states, would align with both the objectives of the Paris Agreement and the net zero CO2 emissions by 2050 resolution agreed by airlines at the 77th IATA Annual General Meeting in October 2021.
“The significance of the LTAG agreement cannot be under-estimated. The aviation industry’s commitment to achieve net zero CO2 emissions by 2050 requires supportive government policies. Now that governments and industry are both focused on net zero by 2050, we expect much stronger policy initiatives in key areas of decarbonization such as incentivizing the production capacity of Sustainable Aviation Fuels (SAF). And the global determination to decarbonize aviation that underpins this agreement must follow the delegates home and lead to practical policy actions enabling all states to support the industry in the rapid progress that it is determined to make,” said IATA’s Director General, Willie Walsh.
IATA said that the decision on a long-term goal at ICAO comes after intense negotiations bridging the different levels of development across the world. There was overwhelming support at the ICAO Assembly for the goal.
The Assembly also reinforced its commitment to the Carbon Offsetting and Reduction Scheme for International Aviation (CORSIA) and increased its ambition by agreeing to stabilize emissions of international aviation at 85% of the 2019 level. In agreeing this, many governments emphasized CORSIA’s role as the only economic measure applied to manage the carbon footprint of international aviation.
“The Assembly’s agreement strengthens CORSIA. The lower baseline will place a significantly greater cost burden on airlines. So, it is more critical than ever that governments do not chip away at the cement which bonds CORSIA as the only economic measure to manage the carbon footprint of international aviation. States must now honor, support and defend CORSIA against any proliferation of economic measures. These will only undermine CORSIA and the collective effort to decarbonize aviation,” said Walsh.
Industry expects Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF)to play the largest role in decarbonizing aviation. IATA estimates that perhaps 65% of the mitigation needed for net zero emissions in 2050 will come from SAF. While the industry purchased all one hundred million liters of SAF available in 2021, the supply remains limited and the price far higher than conventional jet fuel.
“With LTAG in mind, state efforts should now be focused on ways to incentivize an increase in SAF production capacity and thereby reduce its cost. The tremendous progress made in many economies on the transition of electricity production to green sources such as solar power and wind is a shining example of what can be achieved with the right government policies, particularly production incentives,” Walsh added.
The Assembly’s outputs include several key areas of support for SAF.
These include: requesting the ICAO Council to: facilitate capacity building and technical assistance to states for SAF programs.
Work with stakeholders to define and promote the transition to SAF and
facilitate access to financing for infrastructure development projects dedicated to SAF to develop the incentives needed to overcome initial market hurdles
Requesting States to: accelerate fuel certification and development of SAF including feedstock production, accelerate certification of new aircraft and engines to allow the use of 100% SAF; encourage and promote purchase agreements, support timely delivery of any necessary changes to airport and energy supply infrastructure and consider the use of incentives to support SAF deployment
IATA emphasized the criticality of effective implementation.
“Governments must not lose the momentum that has driven the outcomes of this assembly. The costs of decarbonizing aviation are in the trillions of dollars and the timeline to transition a global industry is long. With the right government policies SAF could reach a tipping point in 2030 that will lead us to our net zero goal. By the next Assembly the ‘aspirational’ characterization of LTAG must be transformed into a firm goal with a clear plan of action. That means governments must work with industry to implement an effective global policy framework capable of attracting the financial resources needed to put aviation on an unstoppable track to achieve net zero by 2050. There is lots of work to do, and not a minute to lose,” Walsh further said.
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